Photographic camera.



Patented July 1'3, 1915.

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' Patented July 13, 1915.-

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PHoToGRAPHm CAMERA. APPLICATION FILED JULY 24,'l93."

PatentedJuly 13, 1915.

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APPLICATION FILED IULYl 24. 1913.

Patented July 13, 1915.

4 SHEETSQMEET 4 WILLIAM A. 'WARMAN, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

PHoToGEArHIc CAMERA.

To all 'whom 'it may concern y Be it known that I, WILLIAM A. WAEMAN,

i a citizen'ofthe United States, residing at Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Photographic Cameras, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to photographic cameras and it has for its object to provide 4an apparatus adapted to photograph moving objects in suchmanner as to produce a stereoscopic effect in the resulting projected pictures.

The mechanism disclosed in the following specification by which this object is attained comprises two cameras mounted to allow of sufficient separation to give the desired stereoscopic effect, means whereby the cameras may be convergently focused upon a 4common obj ect, and mechanism whereby the said cameras may be automatically actuated to expose sensitive surfaces to obtain a series of pictures of said common object from two points of view.

The invention consists in the novel construction of the cameras, the mechanism by which they are adjusted as to distance and focused upon a common point, the mechanism for operating the cameras to make yexposures, the construction and 'arrangement of the shutter and the means for operating the same, and generally in the details of construction and arrangement of parts set forth in the following description and specifically pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a top plan view of a complete machine constructed in accordance with my invention parts of the lcamera cases being removed to show the interior parts. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the machine, showing the adjusting mechanism by which the cameras are actuated. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section, on an 'enlarged scale, through one end of the machine, and looking in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 isa cross section on the line 4-4, Fig. 3, von a corre- Fig. 5 is a detached viewof the worm and gear for converging oneof the camera cases. Fig. 6 is a plan viewv of one of the camera cases with the top removed. Fig. 7 is a plan view showing the actuating means for operating the lm feeding device illustrated in the preceding igure. Fig. 8- is a detail in vertical section of a form lof film guide, and Fig. 9

Specication of Letters Patent. Application led Iuly 24, 1913. Serial No. 781,008.

Patented July 13, 1915.

is a detail in plan View of the shutter actuating cam and rollers.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout all the views.

In the drawings -1 1 are camera carriers seated on turntables 2 2, secured to slides 3 3 arranged to be moved along'dovetailed ways 4 formed on the upper surface of a base 5.

The camera carriers are rectangular in shape and comprise top and bottom' plates l 1b, intermediate posts 1, and inclosing walls 1d. At one side the cases are provided with angular openingsle through which the exposures are made, the center of each open- `ing corresponding with a line drawn diametrically through the center of the respective lens as shown in Fig. 1. The lower platesy 1b of the camera carriers are secured by screws2e to rings 2, as shown in Fig. 4, said rings being provided with annular lips 2b adapted to engage under similar lips 2c on circular plates 2d secured by screws 3 to the top of the slides 3, the rings 2EL and plates 2r1 forming the two members ofthe turntables 2 by which the camera carriers are supported and may be adjusted.

The slides 3 are movable longitudinally along the ways 4 and are moved thereon by a shaft 6 supported at a central point in bearings 6a formed in a split bracket 6b secured to the base 5. Between the two members of the bracket 6* a hand wheel 6c is secured to the shaft 6. The outer ends of the shaft 6 are provided with right and left threads adapted to engage nuts 3a secured within longitudinal openingsD in the slides 3. The construction and arrangement of the parts is such that revolution of the hand wheel and shaft in one directionwill cause an equal separating movement. of the two slides 3, while an opposite movement of the hand wheel and shaft will bring the two worms 7 mounted on said shaft and held' between bearings 7d 7 d, carried by brackets 7e secured to the slides 3. The worms 7 are provided with keys 7h adapted to slide in longitudinal keyways 7 i in the shaft 7,

and are moved along the shaft by the action .0f the slides 3.

The worms 7 c engage in segmental racks 'Tf formed on the outer surface of the rings 2, and are arranged with oppositely disposed threads, the relative arrangement of the parts being such that rotation of the shaft 7a in one direction will increase the angular relation between the two cameras, while movement in the opposite direction will decrease said angular relation. g

Each of the camera carriers 1 sustains a centrally located ealnera, comprising a casing 11, a lens 12, a shutter 13, and means for operating the shutter, as will be more fully described. The casings 11 are cylindrical in shape and are composed of thel side walls and upper and lower heads 11" attached by screws 11, Fig. 3, to the top and bottom plates of the camera carriers and holding 'the cylindrical cases in position. The cas- .nigs 11 are cutaway at their forward sides,

as at ar., where,they face the angular openings I to permit exposures to be made, and have a portion of the rear walls removed, as at b, to permit these exposures to pass to the films, as will be presently described.

Centrally located vertical shafts 14 are ymounted in bearings 15 seated in recesses 16 in the top and bottoln heads 11" and the upper and lower plates of' the carrier 1.

These shafts 14 pass through central openings 17 in the turntables 2 and have their bearings in brackets 19, attached to the slides 3 and have attached bevel gears 20 intel-meshing with similar bevel gears 21 carried in depending brackets 22.secu`red to.

the under side of the slides 3 and held therein by collars 21a. The gears 21 are arranged to slide longitudinally on a countershaft 23 underlying the base 5 and are provided with keys 23 `adapted to slide in key-ways in said lshaft in such manner as to permit longitudinal movement of the slide 3 and the parts mounted thereon, and to retain driving connection with said shaft.

The conntershaft 23 is driven by a short power shaft 24 mounted in bearings 25 in the base 5, and geared to the countershaft 23 by a. bevel gear 24 on the inner end of said shaft 24, and a corresponding gear 23b secured to the countershaft 23 and held between brackets 26 depending from the base 5 in such manner as to prevent end play of the conntershaft 23. The outer end of the power shaft is provided with a driving wheel 241 and may be driven from any preferred source of power capable of imparting the necessary speed to the moving parts.

The vertical shafts 14 are provided with lens carriers 14 sustaining thelenses 12 in the optical centersof the cameras. The lenses are symmetrical and are preferably geared to maintain a relation of 90 degrees to each other when rotating in order that the. interval between exposures lnay be infinitely small. By this arrangement one vcamera is exposing while the film is being shifted in the other.

lfVithin the easing 11 and pivoted to the inv bolt 27 link connections 28 a cross head 27, an operating cam 29, and bolt actuating rollers 30.

'lhe slmtters 13 are formed with approxilnately sen'iicylindrical walls fitted closely within the casing 11 andare sustained by overlapping heads 13" pivotally mounted on the shafts lei, and are arranged to present an opening at the front ofthe camera when exposure is being made, and a coincident narrow slit in front of the exposed film 0r surface.

Two exposures are made with each revolution of the shutter and lens, in which the relative position of the parts of the shutter are changed, the openings alternating in position. As the forward opening through which the exposure is made is preferably lwider than that in front of the film, the

shutters are arranged to be shifted in relation to each other to increase the forward opening and correspondingly decrease the rearward openings by t-he actuating mechamsm.

The bolts 2T are mounted to slide in the lens carriers 14" and are provided at one end with a cross-head 2T to which the link connections 28 are pivoted, one on each side of the sliding bolts 2T. The other ends of the links 2S are attached, one to each member of the shutter ll, the points of attachment heilig on opposite sides of the pivotal points of' said members, one of the lower heads 13 being formed with an openin 13 for the passage of the pivot screw of one of the links 2S. See l1`ig. (i. shutters and conm-utrically mounted as to the central shafts '14 are the cams 29. These cams are provided with a very gradual rise and are adapted to actuate the bolt 27 by means of rollers 30 mounted on pins 30 carried one at each end ot' the bolt 27, and in normal close contact with the periphery of the cam. A

The cam is fixed to the bottom of the Underlying the camera casing by screws 29 and the rollers revolve with the slnltters and sliding bolt 27. As will be seen, the result of this arrangement is to vibrate the two members of the shutter while the parts are in revolution around the central shaft 14, and thereof the cylindrical Fig. 7,

carriers A1 ythe shafts 14 are provided with the cameras by intermittently moving mechanism controlled in its action by the shafts 14, this mechanlsm comprising storage rolls 32, receiving rolls 33, and actuatingmechanism 34.

The storage rolls 32 are mounted vertically between'thetop and bottom plates of the carriers 1, and are preferably in the form of open spools, and removably mounted on spindles 32 adapted to be inserted in bearings in the said plates. The films pass from the storage rolls around the rear side casing 11 and from this point to the receiving rolls 33 of similar construction to the rolls 32.

While the films may be moved by any well lmown means, I `prefer to drive them by an intermittent feed mechanism, as shown in constructed as follows: Above the gears 34, intermeshing with pinions 35 mounted on spindles 36 secured to said carriers 1. The pinions are Aconnected by pitmen 37 with arms 38 mounted on rockshafts 39 extending through the carriers 1 and provided 42 and arranged to travel thereon a distance equivalent to the length of film to be shifted with one exposure. The slides 41 are provided with clamping members 43 actuated by the intermediate connecting links 44, said .clamping members 43 being arranged to catch theA edge of .the lms against stop 43 when the parts are moving in one direction .and to release the film on the opposite direction of travel.

For the purpose of sustaining the films and preventing them from being injured or torn I prefer to sustain their edges between vertical guide plates 50 asshown inuFig. 8.

The action of the mechanism is as follows: The two cameras are converged or focused to thel desired point by the operation of the shaft 7a,.and separated thedesired distance by the operation of the shaft 6. Power is then applied to the shaft 24 and the shaft 23 rotated by the gears 24a, and 23?), thereby rotating the gears 21 and 20 and thus imparting motion to the shaft 14 andv revolving the camera shutters and lenses at `any desired speed. Each-,camera will make twoexposures at each revolution and each ,shutterl relatively vopened' and closed twice in the same time. As the'cameras are arranged at 90 degrees to each other this will result in four pictures at each complete revolution, two from each point of view.

Having thus described my invention what I claim is:

1. A plurality of cameras, means for simultaneously focusing them upon a common point, and mechanism operatmgsaid cameras to periodically expose a sensitized film.

2. A plurality ofcameras, means for simulwith vibrating arms 40 which l control slides 41 mounted on bearing rods taneously focusing said cameras upon a common pomt, and mechanism for operating said cameras to obtain photographic exposures from two or more separated points of view. u

3. A plurality of cameras, means for separating the same for a predetermined distance, mechanism for convergently focusing said cameras upon "a common object, and mechanism whereby said cameras `are o erated to periodicallyl expose sensitized lms to obtain a series of pictures from points of view determined by said separating means.

4. In a photographic apparatus of the kind described, two cameras, a` sustaining base, mechanism carried the distance between said cameras maybe varied, means for directing said cameras to a common point, and power operating mechanism, whereby the lms are periodi cally exposed in said cameras to obtain a series of pictures from two points of view determined by separating mechanism and said directing means.

5. Inran vapparatus of the kind described, two cameras, shutters for said cameras, a supporting base and means carried by"v said base for determining the relative separation of said cameras and mechanism by which they may be directed to a commonpoint,

lenses mounted in said cameras, power driven` means for revolving said lenses, 'mechanism operated by the revolutionof said lenses whereby the shutters are actuated to continuously and periodically expose lms to obtain a series of pictures from points of view determined by the separation of said cameras, and means actuated by said power devlces whereby said film is moved between saidexposures.

6. In an apparatus of the kind described, camera carriers, turntables on which said carriers are secured, mechanism by which the turntables and attached carriers may be rotated, slides upon which said turntables are mounted, a base upon which said'slides move, mechanism for operating said slides to vary the distance between said turntables,

,and cameras mounted in said carriers.

7. Ina camera, a cylindrical `shell having an opening for admitting light, and an opening to permit exposure of a film, a shutter arranged in said camera, a lens carrier centrally located in said cylindrical shell, a lens carried thereby, mechanism for rotating the lens carrier and means controlled by such rotation'whereby said shutter isoperated to control the admission of light 4and the amount of exposure.

8. In a camera of the kind described, a camera carrier, a cylindrical camera mounted therein, said .camera being provided with openings for the admission of light and the exposure of a film, a lens carrier mounted centrally in said camera, a lens carried therethereby by which by, a cylindrical shutter interposed between said lens and the walls of said camera, said shutter having openings whereby light is admitted and exposure made, and power means for operating and revolving said lens and shutter and controlling thereby the amount of light admission and film exposure.

9. In amechanism of the kind described, two camera carriers, means for determining their relative distance and direction, cylindrical cameras located in said carriers, lenses camera carriers, cylindrical cameras mounted therein, said carriers and cameras being formed wlth corresponding openings for the admission of light and the exposure of films,

lenses, carriers for said lenses arranged centrally in said cameras, two partl shutters interposed between said lenses and the Walls of said cameras, power mechanism for revolvngsaidjcarriers, and mechanism operated by the revolution of said lens carriers for simultaneously revolving said shutters and varying the relative position of the two parts to increase and diminish the openings between the same and control the light admission and exposure.

11. In a camera, a cylindrical casing provided with openings for the admission oi.'

light-and the exposure of a film, a symmetrical lens located centrally of said cas-- ing, a revolving carrier in which said lons is secured, a revolving shutter interposed between said lens and the walls of said casing, means for simultaneously actuating sa id lens and shutter to obtain an exposure, and

mechanism driven by said actuating means for moving the film to position for a new exposure.

In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature, in the presence of two Witnesses.

` WILLIAM A. WARMAN. Witnesses:

L. ANsTm, F. DREYFUS. 

